optimizing emulsification in polyurethane systems with polyurethane non-silicone surfactants abstract: polyurethane (pu) systems are widely used in various applications, including foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers. achieving a stable and homogeneous emulsion during the pu synthesis process is crucial for obtaining desired product properties. traditional silicone surfactants, while effective, can sometimes lead to undesirable surface properties...